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Frederic Sullivan ( – ) was an English actor and singer. He is best remembered as the creator of the role of the Learned Judge in Gilbert and Sullivan's ''Trial by Jury'', providing a model for the comic roles in the later Savoy Operas composed by his brother Arthur Sullivan. By 1870, Sullivan had abandoned architecture for a career on stage. In 1871, he first performed the role of Mr. Cox in a revival of his brother's first comic opera, ''Cox and Box'', and later that year created the role of Apollo in the first Gilbert and Sullivan opera, ''Thespis''. He then remained with the Gaiety Theatre company, playing in Jacques Offenbach pieces, among others. In 1874 he played in comic operas on tour and in other London theatres. In 1875, he created the role of the Learned Judge in ''Trial by Jury'', also playing in the accompanying Offenbach piece,'' La Périchole'', and earning enthusiastic reviews. He then toured in ''Trial'', and French operettas, returning to London for the revival of ''Trial''. By early 1876, Sullivan's health was deteriorating, and he was forced to stop performing in October 1876. He died in January 1877, leaving a pregnant widow and seven young children. Arthur Sullivan's enduring song, "The Lost Chord", was composed at Fred's bedside. After Fred's death, Arthur became guardian to the children and helped support Fred's family for the rest of his life even after they moved to California against his wishes. He left the bulk of his estate to Fred's children. ==Early life and career== Born in Lambeth, England, Sullivan was the elder brother of composer Arthur Sullivan. His father, Thomas Sullivan (1805–1866), was a military bandmaster and music teacher born in Ireland, who was educated in Chelsea, London and was based for some years at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.〔Ainger, pp. 6 and 22–23〕 His mother Mary Clementina (née Coghlan, 1811–1882) was English, of Irish and Italian descent.〔〔(Sullivan, Arthur, Sir, 1842-1900. Correspondence with W. S. Gilbert ), Harvard University Library〕 He trained as an architectural draftsman but soon decided on a career as a performer. Later, he quipped, "I still draw large houses."〔Ayre, p. 407〕 According to Leslie Ayre, Fred sometimes accompanied Arthur to the Chapel Royal and "amuse() the boys with comic songs".〔 Sullivan first appeared in several amateur productions, but his professional London debut is believed to have been as Ali Brown Windsor in a burlesque by Robert Reece, ''Whittington Junior, and his Sensation Cat'', at the New Royalty Theatre in 1870, and as Smart in the accompanying farce ''Rendezvous''.〔(Programmes for ''Whittington Jr.'' and ''Rendezvous'' )〕 The next year, at the Alhambra Theatre, he took the role of Mr. Cox in a revival of his brother Arthur Sullivan's first comic opera, ''Cox and Box'', with a libretto by F. C. Burnand.〔Stone, David. (Biography of Fred Sullivan at the ''Who Was Who in the D'Oyly Carte'' website )〕 Later in 1871, he ran a provincial touring company, playing Cox, with Richard Temple as Bouncer and Richard D'Oyly Carte conducting. The other works played by "Sullivan's Operetta Company" that summer were two Offenbach adaptations, ''Rose of Auvergne'' (with Sullivan as Pierre) and ''Breaking the Spell,'' in which Selina Dolaro starred.〔''Liverpool Mercury'', 5 September 1871, p. 1〕 Sullivan created the role of Apollo in his brother's first operatic collaboration with W. S. Gilbert, ''Thespis'', at the Gaiety Theatre, which ran from December 1871 until March 1872. During this run, he also starred in the companion pieces ''Dearer than Life'' by H. J. Byron〔(Links to programme materials for ''Thespis'' and companion pieces )〕 and ''Ganymede and Galatea'', among other works. He continued to appear at the Gaiety Theatre in 1872 and 1873, playing Patachon in Jacques Offenbach's ''Les deux aveugles'' (1872)〔 and in ''The Magic Fife'', a translation of another Offenbach operetta (1873). He moved to the Holborn Empire Theatre by early 1874.〔 After performances in the spring at Crystal Palace with his own operetta company,〔''The Era', 26 April 1874, p. 16〕 Sullivan took his company on tour, in the summer of 1874, appearing in his brother's two collaborations with Burnand, ''Cox and Box'' and ''The Contrabandista'', together with a version of Franz von Suppé's ''Die schöne Galathee'', adapted as a burlesque of Gilbert's play, ''Pygmalion and Galatea'', in which Sullivan played Midas "the ''pseudo'' art patron".〔''Birmingham Daily Post'', 2 June 1874, p. 8〕 He again played Cox in ''Cox and Box'' at the Gaiety Theatre beginning in September 1874.〔Ainger, p. 107〕〔"The London Theatres", ''The Era'', 6 September 1874, p. 11. It was coupled with a version of Offenbach's ''Deux Aveugles'', called ''A Mere Blind'', and Acts II and III of ''The Princess of Trebizonde'', starring Nellie Farren. Meyer Lutz conducted.〕 At this time, he met and became firm friends with George Grossmith, before Grossmith had met Sullivan's brother.〔Grossmith, George. "Sir Arthur Sullivan", ''The Pall Mall Magazine'', vol. 23, no. 94 (February 1901), p. 250〕 Later in 1874, he appeared at the Opera Comique as Mercury in ''Ixion Rewheel'd'', an opéra bouffe extravaganza by F. C. Burnand, with music selected by W. C. Levey,〔 and at the Holborn Amphitheatre as the impoverished and henpecked Duke of Rodomont, in ''Melusine the Enchantress'' by G. M. Layton and Hervé.〔''The Era'', 25 October 1874, p. 14〕 In the autumn of that year, he and Carte were both concerned in presenting a touring production of Lecocq's ''La fille de Madame Angot'', for which Sullivan was credited as "secretary", but in which he did not perform.〔''The Era'', 6 September 1874. p. 16〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fred Sullivan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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